iSummit

This summer I went to the annual iSummit conference, which was being hosted this year by St Agnes Academy/St Dominic School in Memphis, TN. This was the first iSummit I ever attended and, to be completely honest, I wasn’t quite sure what the conference was all about — my school applied and received a scholarship to the conference, and I was asked if I was willing and able to go.

It turns out that iSummit is a conference of independent schools implementing a 1-to-1 laptop program using Apple products. Every student in these schools, in other words, is given a standard-issue Macbook to do academic work in. Now, it was evident that there were a number of attendees that came from schools without such a program — but were open to or curious about such a possibility. Hence, I’m guessing, the scholarship I had handily received.

The conference began with a stirring presentation by Carol Anne McGuire, who talked of her experimentations into technology as a teacher, which eventually led to a very impressive project called Rock Our World. It was one of the more inspirational keynotes I’ve ever heard in a conference like this, and it was mostly due to Ms. McGuire’s humble and self-effacing personality. Her account of her journey made us all feel that we just needed to go out and do something and say heck to the naysayers, solving the problems and details when they come up.

A second keynote the following morning was given by Dr. James Kelley who stressed how innovations in technology were disrupting current ways of doing things — especially education. As Lucy Gray pointed out in one of her seminars (quoting Will Richardson), students are already utilizing these new technologies; we need to step in and guide them in using these tools ethically and effectively. A 21st century education, according to Dr. Kelley, requires us to familiarize ourselves with these tools of collaboration, creation, distribution, and access. One of the useful tidbits in his presentation was his delineation of teacher adoption and integration of technology:

  1. Substitution: just changing the tool, not the praxis
  2. Augmentation: supplementing current practices with technological opportunities like the internet
  3. Modification: letting the use of technology tweak classroom practices and attitudes
  4. Redefinition: letting the possibilities of technologies transform one’s mindset about learning and pedagogy

There was an interesting diversity of seminars over three days. There were a number of seminars that were how-to introductory courses to software applications like Garage Band, iMovie, and HyperStudio. Other seminars were brainstorming and sharing sessions about the opportunities and difficulties of using technology to teach; it was interesting, for instance, to see how Otto Benavides
had a very organized approach to teaching podcast creation (look under “Class Projects”). I went to one session about Professional Learning Networks with Lucy Gray from the University of Chicago, whose blog I follow in my feed because she constantly posts interesting links and articles that comes up in her own PLN. There was a whole track of seminars specifically geared to the tech admins and another track of seminars specifically geared to general administrators.

One of the more interesting sessions I went to was headed by Howard Levin about the oral history projects he has launched on Telling Stories.org. What struck me about his presentation was how bare-bones his endeavor was — students merely show up, ask questions, man the camera, and, later, transcribe the interview — but, at the same time, how richly authentic it was. It definitely echoed one of the takeaways from the keynote — that is, to start with something simple but profound and then scale and extend it up and out.

St. Agnes/St. Dominic had a very impressive distance learning auditorium which allowed convenient video conferencing sessions with large groups. I attended one session where we were in discussion with Dr. Toni Guglielmo from the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, who demoed for us how she could show artifacts from the LACMA collections as educational touchstones.

20070709-IMGP0214.jpg20070709-IMGP0217.jpg20070709-IMGP0218.jpg

Of course, one of the major pulls for me to go to this conference was a chance to visit Memphis. I didn’t have enough time (or a car) to visit places like Sun Studios or Graceland, but I did get to explore a bit of downtown with some of my fellow conference-goers:

20070708-IMGP0203.jpg20070708-IMGP0204.jpg20070708-IMGP0205.jpg

Dinner at the B.B. King Blues Club & Grill:

20070708-IMGP0206.jpg20070708-IMGP0208.jpg20070708-IMGP0210.jpg

Dry rub ribs at Rendezvous:

20070709-IMGP0219.jpg20070709-IMGP0221.jpg

We even attended a minor league game, with the Memphis Redbirds beating the Albuquerque Isotopes 4-2:

20070709-IMGP0222.jpg20070709-IMGP0223.jpg20070709-IMGP0224.jpg

Nice stadium. I like that little grassy knoll where people could picnic and watch the game at the same time.

The great folks at St. Agnes/St. Dominic even arranged for an Elvis impersonator to show up the first night. Here he is, wooing Amy Moody, who did so much to help me get to the conference:

20070708-IMGP0201.jpg20070708-IMGP0202.jpg

The best thing about these conferences, of course, is the people you meet. I had a great time hanging out with other teachers, especially Lourdes from Oakland and Jen from Baton Rouge. Lourdes and I actually had an energizing discussion in the airport as we were waiting for our respective departing flights. She brought up this great anecdote about how Wayne Gretsky’s dad used to set up these complicated slalom courses in their backyard ice rink and then challenge his boy to run through them again and again, constantly changing their configuration.

It made me think of how we, as teachers, need to be wary of the pitfalls of the two competing ideologies in teaching. An unthinking progressive approach stresses stimulation at the expense of mastery while an unthinking traditional approach stresses a fluency without the contextual understanding to prevent it from being inflexible and irrelevant. It made me think of this video by Dr. Tae:

On the flight back home, I couldn’t help thinking of the Memphis Pyramid, a monumental structure built in the early 90’s promising to revitalize the city as a giant 80 acre, 32 story tall sports arena. It never was fully completed and, for the past three years, has pretty much been vacant, most of the sports teams migrating over to the FedEx Forum built shortly after and a hop and skip away. I couldn’t shake thinking of it as a cautionary tale against getting all gleamy-eyed over the one glittery gift that whispers it will solve all one’s problems. Teaching, like learning, is instead about scrapping and adapting, taking on new tricks and hopping around as the ground shifts from under you.

Like dealing with this guy, the best thing I’ve seen in several days:

20070710-IMGP0226.jpg20070710-IMGP0228.jpg

Notes: Podcamp Philly

Cool People I Met

20070908-DSC_0006.jpg

  • Joel Mark Witt
  • Bre Pettis
    • BrePettis.com includes links to all his current videocasts, including Make Magazine’s Weekend Projects
    • Bre used to be a middle school teacher out in the Northwest: Room 132
  • The blogs of Philadelphia public schools: Didn’t even realize they had a blog program
    • Robert Karl (rkarl at phila.k12.pa.us) is part of the Educational Tech Group of the Philadelphia public school system and seems like a good resource for ed tech issues
  • Rand Bradbury
    • Can I just tell you that this guy, who’s a sound engineer for the Keswick Theater, is the best technical instructor I have ever encountered? Things that eluded me in books for years have now made perfect sense because of his brief explanations. Rand rocks.
    • Roadie Show: A podcast that mostly features interviews with roadies and other backstage audio folk.
  • CC Chapman
    • CC Chapman’s site has links to a number of podcasts that he’s involved with, including Managing the Gray (a new media marketing podcast), Accident Hash, and U-Turn Cafe (podsafe music podcasts)
  • Linda Mills
  • Mark Blevis
    • Another of the growing crop of new media specialists, his site is an impressive testament to his connectedness and reach within the podcasting community
    • Just One More Book: podcast on children’s books
    • Electric Sky: Several NPR-like interviews and exploration podcast shows
  • David Tamés
    • kino-eye: David’s a freelance videographer from Boston. His blog’s got some good technical ruminations on producing video.
  • Jen Yuan
    • A Thousand Times No is an interview podcast focusing on people who underwent a significant change or overcame devastating failure. Jen’s local, too, and really nice.
  • Russ Starke and Todd Marrone
    • Both contribute to Used Wigs Radio, a chat and music podcast that seems like a lot of fun. Todd’s also an amazing artist who made several art pieces for the podcamp off the cuff.
  • Chris Penn
    • Helped start the podcamp conferences with Chris Brogan. He has a financial advice podcast at financialaidpodcast.com
  • Steve Lubetkin
    • I met Steve at Blog Philadelphia, and he’s the one who let me know about Podcamp Philly. He has a company that creates professional podcasts for clients at ProfessionalPodcasts.com

Lessons Learned: Technical

PodCamp Philly

  • Audio is super important, even on video

    • Mics

      • Dynamic: non-powered, durable, more background noise, best for field work
        • Recommended: Shure-SM58
        • Have the speaker hold it 3-5 inches from the face, between the mouth and the adam’s apple
      • Compressed: delicate, need to be powered (phantom power off mixer), best for studio work
      • Mic setup for a classroom: 2 condensers, omnidirectional, up high
    • Mixer

      • firewire mixer (for multiple inputs)
        • Recommended: Alesis 4/8-channel mixer (Multimix)
      • master
      • channels
        • gain
          • start at 0, then slowly turn gain up until peak light just starts to light up and then back off a few clicks
        • EQs
          • start at straight up and down
          • adjust after gain (turn down if high pitch, ss’s)
          • generally leave mids alone
        • aux
          • for effects or monitors
    • Standard sample rate for podcasts: 44.1 kHz
    • CD standard bit-depth: 16
    • Put your notes in a plastic sleeve so that they don’t make a sound when you flip through them when recording
    • Always record 10 seconds of white noise
      • For ambient filler when you edit
    • Recommended store for audio gear: Musician’s Friend
    • Also recommended as a place to buy a low-end binaural stereo mic ($80): Core-Sound
    • skype
      • Turn everything else off
      • Record volume at 70 (3/4 of way up — never record at full input)
    • Recommended portable digital recorders
      • Edirol R-1, Edirol R-9, Zoom H4, M-Audio Microtrack 24/C
      • A lot of these are reviewed in the latest issue of Podcast User Magazine
      • Also seriously informed opinions can be found at the Tapers’ Section
      • What looks sweetest to me: the new Zoom H2
    • Other equipment you might need to record audio on the field
      • headphones
      • spare memory
      • spare batteries
        • rechargeable + charger
      • USB memory reader
      • case for recorder (Crumpler)
      • extra wind covers for mic
      • extra laptop battery
  • Video considerations
    • Lighting
      • Basic setup: key light + soft fill
      • add hard background if you want to distinguish foreground and background
    • shoot subject more than once in two different locations
      • before the formal interview do a pre-interview
      • people are more natural when walking and talking in their own environment
    • Ask people not to wear white or black when filming them (especially without added lighting)
      • because the face comes first
    • Make sure you have visual elements that you can cut away to
      • B-roll
    • Make sure there’s a lot of overlap at the head and end of the cut
    • Shoot from multiple angles
      • use two cameras if you can
    • Look for color
      • strong contrasts
      • saturated, rich colors
    • Sound
      • keep microphone separate from camera
      • if you can use, use a boom
      • get a tram lavalier
    • What to buy first
      1. $400 camcorder w mic input, headphone output
      2. $200 shotgun mic + fan windsystem
      3. $150 lavelier mic
      4. $150 beachtek adapter
      5. $50 extra batteries
  • Make everyone sign a standard release form for podcasting
  • Garageband (comes as part of iLife) makes enhanced podcasts real easy
    • Profcast (commercial software) makes recording lectures even easier and more powerful

Lessons Learned: Non-Technical

20070908-DSC_0004.jpg

  • Don’t be afraid to get help from people
    • Podcasting community tends to be very helpful
    • Get someone to teach you
    • Or delegate to someone who has the passion, expertise
  • Know your audience
    • Consider what audience you might already have
    • Involve them
    • Get face-to-face with them when you can
  • Old-school storytelling techniques still apply
    • Go for anecdotes instead of just facts
    • Look for dramatic/cinematic moments
  • Create a rhythm
    • Make sure you add variety, break the pattern at frequent intervals
  • Plan to do multiple takes with students
    • Often the best, most natural takes are the “practice” ones
    • Tell the students to plan to make a mistake
  • Interviews
    • Don’t be in a rush to fill silences; pauses can extend conversations
    • At the end ask for any afterthoughts
      • What haven’t I asked you?
  • Contribute, don’t dictate, the conversation
  • Make mistakes on purpose, or take a confrontational stance, to catalyze feedback
  • Be a brand; sell a lifestyle
  • Consider other distribution channels
    • Example: Maryland Zoo TV gets shown on cable
    • Mind TV is a Philly site that will show uploaded 5-minute video clips on cable.
  • Apply for grants
    • Example: Best Buy > Community Relations > Grant (given once or twice a year)

Sites of Interest that Came Up

Red Lasso allows you to clip commercial media (news, entertainment, sports) and share and embed them without intellectual property violations. This seems like a great way to share current media with my classrooms. And it’s a local King of Prussia company.

Viddler allows you, not only to upload videos and share them, but also comment on them within the timeline of the video. A very cool feature and another great local company. I just wish they were supported by WordPress.com.

Bre Pettis gave a great tip for doing 30-second low-tech podcasts: Use K7.net, which is a free service that sends voice messages to your email. The phone numbers seem local only to Seattle, though. PrivatePhone seems like another free alternative — it’s affiliated with NetZero. ureach.com or (GotVoice)(http://gotvoice.com) are paid services that also do the same thing (with more features).

Pods & Blogs is a BBC-produced hour-long weekly podcast that takes measure of the news as seen through the lens of social media and the blogosphere.

Sound About Philly features podcast tours of Philly.

One way to announce your podcast to strangers is to add it to Podcast 411’s directory. I also found out about a UK podcast directory for educators

Somebody recommended the CLIP Podcast as an interesting show that looks at critical literacies in different spaces.

Libsyn came highly recommended as a paid podcasting host. They charge by storage and not by audience size, so they’re ideal for growing an ever expanding listener base.

From Idea to Air is Tod Maffin’s e-book on creating and pitching radio segments to public radio.

Radio: An Illustrated Guide is an informative comic book on producing for radio, which can be bought on the This American Life store.

Blink

Reread Malcolm Gladwell’s _Blink_ and took some notes after I hunted in it for some anecdotes about first impressions for my classes.

Gladwell, Malcolm. Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2005.

  • Introduction: The Statue That Didn’t Look Right
    • Fast and Frugal
      • U of Iowa card game experiment: picking between red (high stakes) vs blue (moderate, steady gains) decks
      • Two different strategies of thinking
        • conscious strategy: logical, definitive, slow, needs lots of information
          • figures out in 80 cards
        • adaptive unconscious: quicker, reaches conclusions unconsciously
          • figures out in 10 cards
    • The Internal Computer
      • we move back and forth between conscious and unconscious modes of thinking,
        depending on the situation
      • Nalini Ambadi: judging the professor in 10, 5, 2 seconds
      • Three themes in the book:
        1. Decisions made very quickly can be every bit as good as decisions made cautiously and deliberately
        2. When should we trust our instincts, and when should we be wary of them?
        3. Our snap judgments and first impressions can be educated and controlled
    • A Different and Better World
  • The Theory of Thin Slices: How a Little Bit of Knowledge Goes a Long Way

    • Thin-slicing: the ability of our unconscious to find patterns in situations and behavior based on very narrow slices of experience.
    • British interceptors in WW II analyzing Morse code “fists”
      – a distinctive signature/style unique to each Morse code operator
      – emerges naturally
      – reveals itself in even the smallest sample
    • The Love Lab: John Gottman analyzing videotapes of couples in contention

      • 30 min: 95% accuracy in predicting divorce in 15 years
      • 15 min: 90% accuracy
      • relationships between two people have a “fist”

        all marriages have a distinctive pattern, a kind of marital DNA, that surfaces in any kind of meaningful interaction. This is why Gottman asks couples to tell the story of how they met, because he has found that when a husband and wife recount the most important episode in their relationship, that pattern shows up right away. (26)

        • predicting divorce is pattern recognition
      • two states of a relationship
        • positive sentiment override: positive emotion overrides irritability
          • excuses negative behavior as a temporary state
        • negative sentiment override: even relatively neutral thing gets perceived as negative
          • lasting negative conclusions drawn about each other; other person’s character defined in a negative way
      • tracking the trend of the levels of positive and negative emotion
        • once it trends downward, it will continue going down
    • Gottman has found he only needs to focus on the Four Horsemen:
      1. defensiveness
      2. stonewalling (favorite of men)
      3. criticism (favorite of women)
      4. contempt
        • especially contempt: putting yourself on a superior plane
        • completely rejecting/excluding someone from the community
        • universal across men and women
    • Samuel Gosling’s study of dorm bedrooms

      • Big Five personality assessment of subjects
        1. Extraversion. Are you sociable or retiring? Fun-loving or reserved?
        2. Agreeableness. Are you trusting or suspicious? Helpful or uncooperative?
        3. Conscientiousness. Are you organized or disorganized? Self-disciplined or weak-willed?
        4. Emotional stability. Are you worried or calm? Insecure or secure?
        5. Openness to new experiences. Are you imaginative or down-to-earth? Independent or conforming?
      • compare between close friends’ assessment and strangers assessing from a 15-minute look at dorm rooms
        • Friends did much better at extraversion
        • Strangers did almost as good at agreeableness and better at the all the others
      • clues in the bedrooms
        • identity claims: deliberate expressions about how we would like to be seen by the world
        • behavioral residue: inadvertent clues we leave behind
        • thoughts and feelings regulators: changes we make to our most personal spaces to affect the way we feel when we inhabit them
      • important omissions when you’re looking in the room

        What you avoid when you don’t meet someone face-to-face are all the confusing and complicated and ultimately irrelevant pieces of information that can serve to screw up your judgment. (37)

      • better to assess a person indirectly

        • a person’s assessment of self can be misleading since it’s not objective
    • Analyzing the likelihood of doctors to get sued

      the risk of being sued for malpractice has very little to do with how many mistakes a doctor makes…. In other words, patients don’t file lawsuits because they’ve been harmed by shoddy medical care. Patients file lawsuits because they’ve been harmed by shoddy medical care and … how they were treated, on a personal level, by their doctor. (40)

      • Wendy Levinson recording conversations between physicians and patients
        • characteristics of surgeons who had never been sued
          • spent 3 minutes longer with each patient
          • made more “orienting” comments (“First I’ll examine you, and then we will talk the problem over”)
          • more likely to engage in active listening
          • more likely to laugh and be funny
        • no difference in amount or quality of information given to patients
      • Nalini Ambady took Levinson’s conversations and altered to erase content but keep intonation, pitch, rhythm
        • judges rated for qualities as warmth, hostility, dominance, anxiousness
        • dominant (sounding) surgeons in sued group
        • less dominant, more concerned were in non-sued group
    • The Power of the Glance
      • in basketball: court-sense
      • in military battle: coup d’oeil
      • in bird watching: giss
  • The Locked Door: The Secret Life of Snap Decisions

    • Snap judgments take place in the unconscious, behind a locked door

      We need to respect the fact that it is possible to know without knowing why we know and accept that — sometimes — we’re better off that way. (52)

    • Priming experiments

      • John Bargh: unscrambling sentences with keywords to prime you to a certain frame of mind
      • Dutch researchers asking students to write about what it means to be a professor before playing Trivial Pursuit
      • Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson asking students to identify their race before taking a standardized test

      the way we think and act — how well we think and act on the spur of the moment — are a lot more susceptible to outside influences than we realize (58)

    • Unconscious as mental valet

      • Takes care of all minor mental details, keeps tabs on everything going on around you, makes sure you’re acting appropriately -> leaves you free to concentrate on the main problem at hand
      • provides emotional push to do the right thing
      • Antonio Damasio’s study of patients without ventromedia prefrontal cortex
        • rational but lack judgment
          • can’t focus on salient points of decision
          • can’t change strategy to match intellectual knowledge
            • like addicts
    • The Storytelling Problem

      • Sheena Iyengar and Raymond Fisman’s variation on speed-dating
        • participants fill out short questionnaire on four occasions:
          • before speed-dating
          • end of evening
          • a month later
          • six months later
        • conscious ideal doesn’t match what they are attracted to in the moment
        • justifies attraction immediately afterwards, but then reverts back to conscious ideal
      • Vic Braden: athletes can’t explain how they do what they do
        • or explain wrongly
      • Norman R.F. Maier’s rope experiments
        • come up with ways to explain how to tie the ropes together
        • experimenter subtly pushes rope to hint the last solution
        • subjects can’t explain (correctly) how they came up with the last solution

      We’re a bit too quick to come up with explanations for things we don’t really have an explanation for. (69)

      When we ask people to explain their thinking — particularly thinking that comes from the unconscious — we need to be careful in how we interpret their answers. (70)

  • The Warren Harding Error: Why We Fall for Tall, Dark, and Handsome Men

    • Rapid cognition has its flaws and can lead us astray
    • Blink in Black and White
      • The Implicit Association Test (IAT)
        • We make connections more quickly between pairs of ideas that are already related in our minds than we do between pairs of ideas that are unfamiliar to us
        • http://www.implicit.harvard.edu
        • Shows our unconscious associations may be deeply at odds with our conscious values
        • Predicts how we act in certain kinds of spontaneous situations
        • >80% have pro-white associations, ~ half of African Americans have stronger associations with whites than with blacks
      • disproportionate number of tall, white CEOs
    • Success of car salesman Bob Golomb

      • Take care of customer
      • Tries never to pre-judge potential customer based on appearance

        • avoid temptation of salesman to spot the sucker (lay-downs)

        He quotes everyone the same price, sacrificing high profit margins on an individual car for the benefits of volume, and word of his fairness has spread to the point where he gets up to a third of his business from the referrals of satisfied customers (95)

    • Think About Dr. King

      • We can change unconscious associations by changing experiences and environment that inform those associations

      If you are a white person who would like to treat black people as equals in every way — who would like to have a set of associations with blacks that are as positive as those that you have with whites — it requires more than a simple commitment to equality. It requires that you change your life so that you are exposed to minorities on a regular basis and become comfortable with them and familiar with the best of their culture, so that when you want to meet, hire, date, or talk with a member of a minority, you aren’t betryed by your hesitation and discomfort. (97)

  • Paul Van Riper’s Big Victory: Creating Structure for Spontaneity

    • Gary Klein’s study of those who make decisions under pressure
      • don’t logically and systematically compare all options
      • size up situation immediately and act, drawing on experience, intuition, rough mental simulation
    • Improv comedy

      • spontaneity isn’t random

      How good people’s decisions are under the fast-moving, high-stress conditions of rapid cognition is a function of training and rules and rehearsal (114)

      • rule of agreement to everything that happens
        • developing instead of blocking action
        • counter-intuitive impulse
    • Brendan Reilly’s cardiac triage in Cook County Hospital

      • Lee Goldman’s algorithm

        • only considered three variables
        • you need to know very little to find the underlying signature of a complex phenomenon
        • extra information confuses issues

          This is the same thing that happens with doctors in the ER. They gather and consider far more information than is truly necessary because it makes them feel more confident — and with someone’s life in the balance, they need to feel more confident. The irony, though, is that that very desire for confidence is precisely what ends up undermining the accuracy of their decision. They feed the extra information into the already overcrowded equation they are building in their heads, and they get even more muddled. (140)

      When we thin-slice…we do this process of editing unconsciously…. I think we get in trouble when this process of editing is disrupted — when we can’t edit, or we don’t know what to edit, or our environment doesn’t let us edit. (142)

      And if you are given too many choices, if you are forced to consider much more than your unconscious is comfortable with, you get paralyzed. (143)

    • Paul Van Riper’s Red Team victory in the war game Millenium Challenge

      • Blue Team: crippled by too much information
        • mired in discussions
      • Red Team: in command and out of control

        • overall guidance and intent set by senior leadership
          • analysis was done before battle
        • but forces in field allowed to use own initiative and innovative without having to explain themselves

          • Jonathan W. Schooler: verbal overshadowing

            • moving from right (visual) to left (language) thinking hampers the visual thinking, flash of insight

            “When you start becoming reflective about the process, it undermines your ability. You lose the flow. There are certain kinds of fluid, intuitive, nonverbal kinds of experience that are vulnerable to this process.” (122)

        • communication between headquarters and commanders in the field were limited

        • did not overload team with irrelevant information
        • meetings were brief
  • Kenna’s Dilemma: The Right — and Wrong — Way to Ask People What They Want

    • Why do the aficionados love Kenna but not the focus groups?
    • Pepsi’s Challenge
      • Pepsi better designed for the sip test rather than a home-use test
      • blind-taste test — but nobody drinks Coke blind
        • Louis Cheskin – sensation transference
          • unconsciously, we don’t distinguish between package and product; the product is the package and the product combined
          • adding foil and yellow to Imperial Margarine
      • thin-slicing has to be done in context
    • “The Chair of Death”: Herman Miller’s fight for the Aeron
      • people misinterpret their own feelings
        • different = bad
      • especially inaccurate with something that is truly revolutionary
    • The Gift of Expertise

      The first impressions of experts are different. By that I don’t mean that experts like different things than the rest of us — although that is undeniable. When we become expert in something, our tastes grow more esoteric and complex. What I mean is that it is really only experts who are able to reliably account for their reactions. (179)

      • Schooler: explaining our non-expert reactions can actually skew our impressions/judgment

      What he was building, in those nights in the storerooms, was a kind of database in his unconscious. He was learning how to match the feeling he had about an object with what was formally understood about its style and background and value. Whenever we have something that we are good at — something we care about — that experience and passion fundamentally change the nature of our first impressions. (184)

  • Seven Seconds in the Bronx: The Delicate Art of Mind Reading

    • The shooting of Amadou Diallo by the NYPD
      • they did not see his face
      • high stress chase
      • no time or space to react
      • overconfidence in numbers
    • The Theory of Mind Reading
      • Silvan Tomkins, Paul Ekman: cataloguing facial expressions
      • the face betrays our emotions
      • the face also stimulates our emotions
    • A Man, a Woman, and a Light Switch
      • Ami Klin: autism as the absence of the ability to mind-read
        • faces seen as objects and not repositories of information about emotion, context, and intention
        • mind-blindness
    • Arguing with a Dog
      • in an optimal state of arousal (114-145 heartbeats per minute) performance is enhanced
        • body limits range and amount of information
        • heightened awareness of a few key senses
        • time seems to slow down
      • beyond arousal (>145 bpm)
        • complex motor skills break down
        • breakdown of cognitive processing (animal brain)
        • vision becomes restricted
        • behavior becomes inappropriately aggressive
        • bowels released
      • high incidents of extreme behavior after high-speed chases
    • Running Out of White Space

      • mind-blind when there’s no time
      • white space for bodyguards: the distance between the target and potential assailant
        • more white space=more time to react + better ability to read potential assailant

      “When we make a split-second decision,” Payne says, “we are really vulnerable to being guided by our stereotypes and prejudices, even ones we may not necessarily endorse or believe.” (233)

      • moving from two-officer to one-officer squad cars
        • when officers are by themselves, they slow things down, and when they are with someone else, they speed things up
      • improve what officers do before they encounter the suspect
        • slow down the situation so you don’t have to make an instinctive decision
    • “Something in My Mind Just Told Me I Didn’t Have to Shoot Yet”
      • developing rapid decision making
        • stress inoculation
          • get used to stresses and surprises so it doesn’t take you to hyper-arousal
        • mind reading from faces improves with training, practice
    • Tragedy on Wheeler Avenue
  • Listening with Your Eyes: The Lessons of Blink
    • A Revolution in Classical Music
      • the hiring of women musicians in classical music with the advent of screens for anonymous auditions

Notes: Good Teaching — A Matter of Living the Mystery

Palmer, Parker. “Good Teaching: A Matter of Living the Mystery.”

  • Introduction

    Good teaching is an act of generosity, a whim of the wanton muse, a craft that may grow with practice, and always risky business. It is, to speak plainly, a maddening mystery. How can I explain the wild variety of teachers who have incited me to learn — from one whose lectures were tropical downpours that drowned out most other comments, to one who created an arid silence by walking into class and asking, “Any questions?”

    Good teaching cannot be equated with technique. It comes from the integrity of the teacher, from his or her relation to subject and students, from the capricious chemistry of it all. A method that lights one class afire extinguishes another. An approach that bores one student changes another’s life.

    Faculty and administrators who encourage talk about teaching despite its vagaries are treasures among us. Too many educators respond to the mystery either by privatizing teaching or promoting a technical “fix.” The first group uses the variability of good teaching as an excuse to avoid discussing it in public — thus evading criticism or challenge. The second group tries to flatten the variations by insisting on the superiority of this or that method or subtlety. In both quarters, [?] the far-ranging conversation that could illumine the mystery when we think of it as a “black box,” something opaque and impenetrable that we must either avoid or manipulate by main force. Mystery is a primal and powerful human experience that can neither be ignored nor reduced to formula. To learn from mystery, we must enter with all our faculties alert, ready to laugh as well as groan, able to “live the question” rather than demand a final answer. When we enter into mystery this way, we will find the mystery entering us, and our lives are challenged and changed.

    Good teachers dwell in the mystery of good teaching until it dwells in them. As they explore it alone and with others, the insight and energy of mystery begins to inform and animate their work. They discover and develop methods of teaching that emerge from their own integrity — but they never reduce their teaching to technique.

  • The Transaction Called Knowing

    • objective knowledge vs knowledge as conversation

    The only objective knowledge we have is the provisional outcome of a complex transaction in which many subjectivities check and balance each other. It is a fluid process of observation and interpretation, of consensus and dissent, conducted within a far-flung community of seekers who agree upon certain assumptions, rules, procedures — many of which are themselves up for debate. This, I think, is an image of objectivity that is faithful to the way we know. It is also an image that clarifies the goal of good teaching: to draw students into the process, the community, of knowing.

    objectivity at its best is a commitment to critical discourse

    • critical thinking is also a conversation (an internal one)
  • On Content and “Covering the Field”

    • Instead of teaching facts, have them available on print as a reference
    • Using facts as case studies (texts) to teach from

      When we deliver the facts on paper, we free the classroom for various exercises in generating facts, understanding facts, using facts, seeing through the facts — exercises that might draw our students into the community of truth. One such approach I call “teaching from the microcosm.”

  • The Autobiographical Connection

    • embracing multicultural, multi-perspectival viewpoints

      The authentically educated person is one who can both embrace and transcend the particularity of his or her story because it has been triangulated many times from the stand points of other stories, other disciplines — a process that enriches the disciplines as well.

    • making learning personally relevant

    • showing how the learning was relevant to us as teachers

      We teachers can also show students how the ideas we care about are related to our own life stories.

    • showing the subjectivity behind knowledge

      the major ideas at the heart of every discipline arose from the real life of a real person — not from the mind alone, but from the thinker’s psyche, body, relationships, passions, political and social context.

      good teachers help students see the persons behind the ideas, persons whose ideas often arose in response to some great suffering or hope that is with us still today

  • “Hearing Students into Speech”

    • silence a symptom of disempowerment

      the silent one is understood as the victim of a system that denies his or her story, that ignores or punishes people who tell tales that threaten the standard version of the truth

    • honor minority viewpoints

    • more interactivity, questioning
    • respecting responses
    • a few students dominating discussion: allow each student only three chances to speak
    • an activity for controversial topics:

      With smaller classes, when a divisive issue is up for debate and my students retreat into privatism, I sometimes give each of them a 3×5 card and ask that he or she write a few lines expressing a personal opinion on the issues. I collect the cards and redistribute them so that no one knows whose card he or she is holding. Then I ask each student to read that card aloud and take sixty seconds to agree or disagree with what it says. By the time we have gone around the group, the issue has been aired, diversity has been exposed, the unspeakable may have been spoken, and a foundation for real conversation has been laid.

  • Conflict, Competiton, and Consensus

    • two kinds of conflict: competition vs consensus

      Many people regard conflict as terminal rather than creative because they have experienced it in settings that are competitive rather than consensual. In competition, the purpose of conflict is to determine which few will win at the expense of the many. In consensus, everyone can win through conflict as the clash of apparent opposite gives rise to fresh, fuller truth.

    • creating a safe, hospitable space for creative conflict

    • showing the power of consensus through simulation:

      To give my students experience of conflict in a consensual setting, I sometimes use a simulation game. The game poses a problem that individuals first solve privately. Then small groups are turned loose on the problem after being given a simple set of conflict-consensual rules — e.g., “Present your views clearly, but listen to reactions before pressing your point.” “Don’t change your mind just to achieve harmony.” “Avoid conflict-reducing techniques such as majority vote, coin-flips, bargaining.” “When stalemate comes, don’t assume that some must win while others lose; seek a solution acceptable to all members.” “Remember that consensus does not require that everyone love the solution, but only that no one be strongly opposed to it.” The rules authorize and guide the very conflict that students want to avoid.

      When the game is over, individual and group solutions are scored for accuracy. If a group has followed the rules, the group score is almost always better than the average of individual scores — and it is often better than the best individual score in the group. When these results are not achieved it is often because the group failed to follow the rules. By playing the game, students learn that all of us together can be transferred from the simulated problem to the real problems we are studying.

    • remind students that the conversation that determines facts and knowledge is based on sustained conflict

  • The Nemesis of Evaluation
    • don’t grade on a curve
    • possibility: allow students to determine the weight of different aspects of the class
      • lets them lead with their strengths
    • let work be evaluated multiple times
    • grade groups rather than individuals
    • publicly evaluate and reflect on the progress of the class as it happens
  • The Courage to Teach

    In its original meaning, a “professor” was not someone with esoteric knowledge and technique. Instead the word referred to a person able to make a profession of faith in the midst of a dangerous world.